Biology
Study notes, reference sheets, and visualizations for biology coursework
Central Dogma
DNA → mRNA → Protein: replication, transcription, and translation
20 Amino Acids
Overview of the 20 standard proteinogenic amino acids
Carbohydrate Metabolism
Glycolysis, TCA cycle, ETC, and glycogen metabolism
Protein Metabolism
Amino acid synthesis, degradation, and urea cycle
Lipid Metabolism
Fatty acid synthesis, beta-oxidation, and ketogenesis
Genetics & Inheritance
Punnett squares and inheritance patterns (dominance, codominance, epistasis)
Hardy-Weinberg Equilibrium
Population genetics calculator with drift and selection
Population Growth
Exponential vs logistic growth models with interactive simulations
Nutrition
Nutrient classes, digestion, feed additives, lipids, minerals, vitamins, and energy (Lectures 1–9)
Female Reproduction
Comparative anatomy, reproductive strategies, tract structures, follicle development, and neuroendocrine hormone control
Male Reproduction
Sex determination & differentiation, SRY/Sox9, gonadal and phenotypic sex, PGC migration, disorders of sex development, male anatomy, spermatogenesis, and testicular cooling
Embryonic Growth
Cell proliferation, differentiation, embryonic patterning, and tissue formation
Pre & Post-natal Growth
Fetal organ development, GH/IGF, thyroid/steroid hormones, and neonatal physiology